Evaluation of isoenzyme patterns for identification of pathogenic poultry Mycoplasmas

Electrophoretic analysis of isoenzymes in 8 enzymatic systems were used for differentiation of 4 isolates of chicken Mycoplasmas including two strains of M gallisepticum, one strain of M. gallinarum and one unknown isolate in comparison with a vaccinal strain of M agalactiae that basically is a pathogen in small ruminants. The enzymatic systems were lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], glucose dehydrogenase [G1DH], glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], galactose dehydrogenase [GalDH], 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [6PGDH], malic enzyme [ME], glucose phosphate isomerase [GPI] and alkaline phosphatase [AP]. The number of isoenzyme patterns obtained for LDH, G1DH, G6PD, GalDH, 6PGDH, ME, GPI and AP enzymatic systems were 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 3 and 0, respectively. Except AP enzyme system which is not active in Mycoplasma species, it is concluded that isoenzyme pattern of 7 other studied enzymatic systems, could differentiate between chicken Mycoplasmas and the small ruminant's strain. Based on the isoenzyme patterns of GalDH system, 2 strains of M gallisepticum were differentiated from M. gallinarum and the unknown isolate. Isoenzyme patterns of ME system was able to differentiate M gallinarum from the other chicken isolates. The isoenzyme patterns of GPI system were different for the two strains of M gallisepticum. The isoenzyme patterns of GalDH, GPI and ME systems, showed that the unknown strain of chicken Mycoplasma is a strain of M gallisepticum and it is closely related to one of the known M. gallisepticum isolates

Isoenzyme studies in characterization of leishmania isolated in Iran

Phenotypic characters of the Leishmania organisms are very similar. Isoenzyme electrophoresis has provided an effective and reliable tool for characterization of Leishmania. To determine the isoenzyme profiles of Leishmania organisms isolated in Iran. Leishmania organisms were recovered from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] from various parts of Iran and in a few cases from Afghanistan. Isoenzyme profiles of these isolates were compared with those of reference strains of L. tropica, L. major and L. infantum using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 11 enzyme systems. Seventy two isolates of Leishmania were recovered from 407 patients suspected of CL. The isoenzyme pattern of 42 and 23 isolates were compatible with L. major, and L. tropica, respectively, according to the WHO reference strains. There were also 9 and 14 different strains, respectively within the L. major and L. tropica isolates. For the first time in Iran L. infantum was identified as the causative agent of CL. It was found that isoenzyme systems used in this study are able to detect different strains within the Leishmania species. It was determined that L. tropica was the causative agent in most cases of lupoid form of CL